2 of 2 · c. 616 CE · The court of the Negus, Abyssinia
Al-Najashi (Ashamah)
Surat Maryam in His Court
The Negus summoned the Muslims, and Ja'far spoke for them: they had been a people who worshipped idols and wronged one another until Allah sent them a messenger they knew to be truthful, who called them to worship Allah alone. The king asked whether he had anything of what had come from Allah. Ja'far recited the opening of Surat Maryam, which includes ﴿وَٱذْكُرْ فِى ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ ٱنتَبَذَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا﴾ (“And mention in the Book Maryam, when she withdrew from her family to a place toward the east”) (19:16).
Umm Salamah reports that the Negus wept until his beard was wet, and his bishops wept until their scrolls were wet. He said that this and what 'Isa had brought came from one lamp.
The next day 'Amr told him that the Muslims said something terrible about 'Isa son of Maryam. Ja'far answered with what the Prophet ﷺ had taught: 'Isa is the servant of Allah and His messenger, His spirit and His word cast into Maryam, the chaste virgin. The Negus picked up a twig and said that 'Isa was not more than that by the length of this twig. He gave the Muslims safety in his land and sent the envoys home with their gifts.
Ja'far did not soften the truth to win the king's favour, and the king did not reject the truth to keep his court's. Both honesty and fairness were rewarded.
When the truth is unwelcome to the people around you, do you still say it plainly and respectfully?
- Musnad Ahmad (hadith of Umm Salamah)Grade not recorded here
- Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-NabawiyyahHistorical report
- Qur'an 19:16
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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