2 of 5 · Before 622 CE · al-Sham, Mosul, Nisibis, Amuriyah · al-Sham and Upper Mesopotamia
Salman al-Farisi رضي الله عنه
The Monks and the Three Signs
In al-Sham Salman served a bishop who proved to be dishonest: he collected charity for the poor and stored it for himself. When the bishop died, Salman showed the people the hoard and they refused to bury him in honour. He then served a righteous man and stayed with him until his death.
That man directed him to another, and that one to another, in Mosul, Nisibis and finally Amuriyah. Each time, as his master was dying, Salman asked whom to follow. The last told him that the time of a prophet was near: he would come from Arabia, to a land of date palms between two lava plains. He would accept gifts but not charity, and between his shoulders there would be a seal of prophethood.
Salman travelled with some Arabs of Kalb who promised to take him to Arabia, but betrayed him and sold him as a slave. He was bought by a Jew of Banu Qurayzah and taken to Madinah. When he saw the palms and the land, he knew it matched the description.
A sincere search is rewarded, and Allah leads the one who persists to what he is looking for.
How patient are you in the search for what is true?
- Musnad Ahmad 23737Grade not recorded here
- Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-NabawiyyahHistorical report
- Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah wa'l-NihayahHistorical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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