4 of 5 · c. 25 AH / 646 CE · Madinah
Zayd ibn Thabit رضي الله عنه
The Standard Copies under 'Uthman
As Islam spread, the Muslims in different lands were learning the Qur'an from different teachers, and some began to argue about whose recitation was correct. Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, returning from the campaigns in Armenia and Azerbaijan, saw it with alarm and urged 'Uthman to act before the community disagreed over its Book as Jews and Christians had.
'Uthman asked Hafsah for the sheets kept in her care, and appointed Zayd, 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, Sa'id ibn al-'As and 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith to copy them into volumes. He told the three Qurayshi men that where they and Zayd disagreed on anything, they should write it in the speech of Quraysh, since the Qur'an was revealed in it (Sahih al-Bukhari 4987).
Copies were sent to the main cities, the sheets were returned to Hafsah, and the other individual manuscripts were destroyed to prevent dispute. Zayd mentioned that one verse in Surat al-Ahzab, ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ (“Among the believers are men who were true to what they pledged to Allah”), was missing from his copy and was found with Khuzaymah ibn Thabit (Sahih al-Bukhari 4988).
Unity of the community around its Book is worth the sacrifice of individual preference.
What personal preference have you held to that could have cost your community its unity?
- Sahih al-Bukhari 4987 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Sahih al-Bukhari 4988Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Ibn Hajar, Fath al-BariHistorical report
- Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah wa'l-NihayahHistorical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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