1 of 7 · c. 573–610 CE · Before Islam · Makkah
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq رضي الله عنه
A Trusted Man of Quraysh
His name was 'Abdullah ibn 'Uthman, and his father was known as Abu Quhafah. He belonged to Banu Taym, a clan of Quraysh whose line meets the Prophet's ﷺ at their common ancestor Murrah ibn Ka'b. He was born about two years after the Year of the Elephant, a little younger than the Prophet ﷺ, and his mother, Umm al-Khayr Salma bint Sakhr, was also of Banu Taym. He was widely called 'Atiq; the biographers give different explanations for the name.
He grew into a cloth merchant of means, gentle in manner and easy to approach, and Quraysh valued him as an expert in their lineages; the Prophet ﷺ would later send the poet Hassan ibn Thabit to learn the genealogy of Quraysh from him (Sahih Muslim). The biographers also report that even before Islam he kept away from wine and never bowed to an idol.
Years later, when persecution drove him to set out from Makkah, the tribal chief Ibn al-Daghinah met him on the road and would not let such a man leave: "A man like you does not go out, nor is he driven out. You give to the destitute, keep the ties of kinship, carry the burdens of the weak, honour the guest and stand by people in true hardship" (Sahih al-Bukhari 3905). They were almost the same words Khadijah had used to describe the Prophet ﷺ himself.
Abu Bakr's character was known before his faith was; Islam took a good man and made him great.
If the people who know you best described you, which qualities would they name?
- Sahih al-Bukhari 3905 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Sahih Muslim 2490Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-KubraHistorical report
- Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'abHistorical report
- al-Dhahabi, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'Historical report
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
Create a free account to keep your place as you go. Create a free account · Sign in