Step 9 of 10
Good Character and Justice
Islam is not only belief and worship; it shapes how a Muslim treats people. Allah praised the Prophet ﷺ: ﴿وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ (“And indeed, you are of a great moral character”) (68:4). He ﷺ never spoke obscenely, and he used to say: "Among the best of you are those with the best character" (Sahih al-Bukhari 3559).
He also taught: "None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself" (Sahih al-Bukhari 13), and "Whoever does not show mercy will not be shown mercy" (Sahih al-Bukhari 6013). Allah commands: ﴿إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْعَدْلِ وَٱلْإِحْسَـٰنِ وَإِيتَآئِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ﴾ (“Indeed, Allah commands justice, doing good, and giving to relatives”) (16:90).
Justice must be upheld even against oneself: ﴿كُونُوا۟ قَوَّٰمِينَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ شُهَدَآءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَوِ ٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ (“Stand firm for justice as witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves, your parents or your relatives”) (4:135), and even towards people one dislikes (5:8). Allah does not forbid Muslims from being kind and fair to people of other faiths who do not fight them (60:8), and a person's worth before Allah is measured not by race or lineage but by mindfulness of Him (49:13).
- Qur'an 68:4
- Sahih al-Bukhari 3559 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Sahih al-Bukhari 13 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Sahih al-Bukhari 6013 Sahih · in the two Sahihs
- Qur'an 16:90
- Qur'an 4:135
- Qur'an 5:8
- Qur'an 60:8
- Qur'an 49:13
What the hadith grades mean
- Sahih (authentic): an unbroken chain of trustworthy, precise narrators, free of hidden flaws or contradiction. It is acted upon.
- Hasan (good): like sahih, but a narrator's precision is slightly lighter. It is also accepted and acted upon. "Hasan sahih" means it reaches sahih by its routes.
- Da'if (weak): a break in the chain or a narrator who is not reliable enough. It is not used to establish beliefs or rulings.
- Very weak (munkar, matruk): a seriously flawed chain or a narrator accused of lying. It is not relied on at all.
- Mawdu' (fabricated): falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. It may not be narrated as his words except to warn against it.
- The two Sahihs: every hadith with a full chain in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim is accepted as sahih by the scholars of hadith.
- Historical report: biographies and histories (Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari) record events with chains that are often incomplete. They are used for the story, not for rulings.
- Hadith scholars grade a narration; the four madhhabs do not. Where a hadith carries a ruling, the page shows which schools act on it.
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